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Drug Science Journal
Drug Science publishes peer reviewed research, reports, and articles to provide clear, evidence-based information without political or commercial interference.


Poppy seed addiction: A brewing crisis? A novel case series examining patterns, perceptions and potential risks associated with excessive poppy seed use
The increasing incidence of opioid dependence linked to the consumption of unwashed poppy seeds (UPSs) is an emerging public health concern.


Dose-response relationship between blood concentrations of THC and crash culpability risk: An updated meta-regression of culpability studies
A recent meta-analysis in Drug Science, Policy and Law on the risk associated with the detection of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in blood and
Matthew A Albrecht Razi Hasan Damir Kekez and Huaqiong Zhou
Mar 271 min read

Who's asking me? Service user perspectives on safer injecting facilities
This paper discusses the topic of safer injecting facilities with those who are likely to use them. Whilst more countries are adopting this
Petra Salisbury and Darren Hill
Jan 81 min read


The Glasgow drug consumption room: A job half done?
This article discusses the introduction of the safe drug consumption facility in Glasgow and considers some of its potential consequences.
Phil Dalgarno and Steve O’Rawe
Oct 28, 20241 min read


An exploration of medical professionals’ attitudes, perceived knowledge and concerns around medical cannabis in the United Kingdom
In the UK, there are over 40,000 specialist clinicians who are eligible to prescribe cannabis-based medical products (CBMPs); however, only
Hallie Heeg, Ana Morari, Michael Lynskey and John JD Turner
Sep 24, 20242 min read

Compliance in the laboratory: Navigating the Controlled Substances Act and Federal Analogue Act in scientific research
This paper delves into the crucial yet complex relationship between federal laws and scientific research, centering on the Controlled Substa
Kimberly I Chew and Jacqueline L von Salm
Sep 24, 20241 min read

Allaying the fears: Midomafetamine with therapy is a medicine
MDMA (now called midomafetamine by the FDA) is a substituted amphetamine first synthesised in 1912 by Merck that has been developed over the
David J Nutt, Tadeusz Hawrot, Peter Hunt and Anne Katrin Schlag
Sep 24, 20243 min read

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) consumption in Aotearoa New Zealand: A quantitative survey exploration
The prevalence of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) consumption is relatively high in Aotearoa New Zealand, but MDMA use has not been
Jai Whelan, Geoff Noller, and Ryan D Ward
Aug 18, 20242 min read

Allaying the fears: MDMA with therapy is a medicine
MDMA has been developed over the past 30 years by the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies as a novel treatment for PTSD.
Prof David Nutt, Tadeusz Hawrot, Peter Hunt, and Dr Anne Katrin Schlag
Aug 6, 202425 min read


In defence of the decriminalisation of drug possession in the UK
Authors Alex Stevens, Niamh Eastwood and Kirstie Douse Published March 24, 2024 Abstract In this review article, we develop the case for...
Alex Stevens, Niamh Eastwood and more
Mar 24, 20241 min read


Childhood trauma, challenging experiences, and post traumatic growth in ayahuasca use
Authors Ksenia Cassidy, CJ Healy, Eva Henje and Wendy D’Andrea Published March 20, 2024 Abstract Challenging experiences in ayahuasca...
Ksenia Cassidy, Eva Henje and more
Mar 20, 20241 min read


Participation in an indigenous Amazonian-led ayahuasca retreat associated with increases in nature relatedness – a pilot study
Authors Simon GD Ruffell, Sam Gandy, WaiFung Tsang, Rono Lopez, Nathan O’Rourke, Arsalan Akhtar, Nige Netzband, Jack Hollingdale, Daniel...
Simon Ruffell, Sam Gandy, and more
Feb 28, 20242 min read


A history of the European Medical Society for Psycholytic Therapy (EPT) 1964–1974
Authors Torsten Passie Published February 22, 2024 Abstract The emergence of a so-called psychedelic renaissance has been proposed to...
Torsten Passie
Feb 22, 20241 min read


Investigation of the household storage of medicines and disposal practices in Parklands sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya
Over time there has been an increase in access to medicine, leading to the bulk of drugs becoming unused and being kept at home.
Shreya Malde and Naumih Noah
Jan 31, 20242 min read


Minorities’ diminished psychedelic returns: Cardio-metabolic health
Minorities’ diminished psychedelic returns: Cardio-metabolic health. Race differences remain a critically understudied gap in psychedelic li
Sean Matthew Viña
Jan 9, 20241 min read


Counting and accounting for drug-related deaths at UK music festivals 2017–2023: A commentary
The exact number of drug-related deaths at UK music festivals in recent years is unknown, and there are no standard processes for reporting
Tom Cooney and Fiona Measham
Nov 21, 20231 min read


Decrypting the cryptomarkets: Trends over a decade of the Dark Web drug trade
The Dark Web is a subsection of the Internet only accessible through specific search engines, making it impossible to trace users.
Harjeev Kour Sudan, Jane Kim and more
Nov 19, 20232 min read


The impact of over the counter and prescription medication misuse on friends and family
Over the counter and prescription-only medication misuse is of concern. Little is known about the impact on friends/family who provide indiv
Rosalind Gittins, Roya Vaziri, and more
Nov 16, 20232 min read


From prohibited to prescribed: The rescheduling of MDMA and psilocybin in Australia
On February 3, 2023, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care, announced that on
Octavian Dixon Ritchie, Cameron Donley and more
Sep 7, 20231 min read

Racial and religious motives for drug criminalization
The world has a long-standing system of drug control intended to suppress the use of a range of psychoactive drugs on the basis that such us
Petter Grahl Johnstad
Sep 6, 20231 min read


MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with adolescents suffering from PTSD: Do or don’t? a qualitative study with youth, parents, and clinicians
PTSD in adolescence causes much suffering and has substantial health-care costs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perspective
Anoek Van Vugt, Josjan Zijlmans and more
Sep 2, 20231 min read


Perceived barriers to access to hepatitis C for people who inject drugs in Morocco: A qualitative explorative study
Worldwide, approximately there are 15.6 million people who inject drugs. Recently, a rising prevalence of hepatitis C virus among the people
Zakaria Belrhiti and Fatima Zohra Serghini
Sep 1, 20232 min read

Could classic psychedelics influence immigrants’ acculturation process? A narrative review contemplating how
Rising international migration, paired with increasing public support for far-right political parties, poses a growing challenge to the coun
Benjamin Korman
Jul 31, 20231 min read


A phenomenological analysis of Fellini's films to understand the effect of LSD therapy on his creativity
Since its discovery in 1943, LSD has been used by artists, scientists, and intellectuals, amongst others, to stimulate their creative insigh
Antonio Metastasio, Silvio Mignogna, and more
Jul 31, 20231 min read


Impact of the introduction of medical cannabis in the UK on risk perception and recreational use of cannabis: A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis
Cannabis was rescheduled in the UK in November 2018 so that it can now be prescribed as a treatment for certain medical conditions.
Jon Waldron, Meryem Grabski, and more
Jul 10, 20232 min read


Minorities’ diminished psychedelic returns
Although there is a growing support for the use of psychedelics to improve the health of marginalized groups, there are some critical gaps.
Sean Viña and Amanda Stephens
Jun 23, 20231 min read

Italian psychedelic therapies of the past century: An historical overview
In recent years, the historical record of psychedelic therapy in Europe and the Americas has undergone considerable revision.
Adriana D’Arienzo and Giorgio Samorini
Jun 6, 20231 min read


Cost-effectiveness of psilocybin-assisted therapy for severe depression: exploratory findings from a decision analytic model
There is growing evidence to support the use of the psychedelic drug psilocybin for difficult-to-treat depression. This paper compares the c
Paul McCrone, Henry Fisher and more
Jun 2, 20232 min read


Medicinal cannabis for pain: Real-world data on three-month changes in symptoms and quality of life
Internationally, one of the most common conditions for which people seek medicinal cannabis (MC) is chronic pain. However, relatively little
Kylie O’Brien, Justin Beilby and more
May 25, 20232 min read


Does the co-use of cannabis exacerbate the effect of alcohol on the risk of crashing? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Does the co-use of cannabis exacerbate the effect of alcohol on the risk of crashing? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Michael White and Nicholas Burns
May 25, 20231 min read

ARC: a framework for access, reciprocity and conduct in psychedelic therapies
The field of psychedelic assisted therapy (PAT) is growing at an unprecedented pace. The immense pressures this places on those working in t
Meg Spriggs, Ashleigh Murphy-Beiner and more
May 11, 20232 min read


Characteristics of and 3-month health outcomes for people seeking treatment with prescribed cannabis
Medicinal cannabis has been legal in the UK since 2018 but there is limited information about characteristics of people seeking prescribed
Professor Michael Lynskey, Dr Anne Schlag and more
May 5, 20232 min read


A roadmap for psychedelic pharmacy in Canada
The unprecedented progress in the science and clinical investigation of psychedelic medicine will require those in healthcare leadership and
Jaden Brandt
Apr 26, 20231 min read

Decriminalisation of drug possession in Oregon: Analysis and early lessons
In November 2020, Oregon voters approved Measure 110, a ballot initiative that decriminalized possession of small quantities of all drugs an
Kellen Russoniello, Sheila Vakharia and more
Apr 11, 20231 min read


The use of chlordiazepoxide for outpatient gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) detoxification: An observational study
Various detoxification regimens are used for gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), including diazepam, barbiturates, ba
Alfred Balston, Kuljit Hunjan and more
Apr 6, 20232 min read


Medication sparing after medical cannabis initiation: A case study of a chronic pain patient in T21
Authors Peter Sunderland, David J Nutt, and Anne Katrin Schlag Published March 14th, 2023 Prescribed cannabinoids are legal in the UK and...
Peter Sunderland, Professor David Nutt and more
Mar 14, 20232 min read


The United Kingdom's Psychoactive Substances Act 2016. Where are we now?
Authors Christopher Humphries Published November 14th, 2022 This narrative review describes the background to the introduction of the UK...
Christopher Humphries
Nov 14, 20221 min read

Examining the gender dimension in the non-medical use of over the counter and prescription only medication
There is concern regarding gender differences in problematic non-medical over the counter (OTC) and/or prescription only medication (POM) us
Rosalind Gittins, Joseph Tay Wee Teck, and more
Oct 26, 20222 min read


Psychedelic use predicts objective knowledge about climate change via increases in nature relatedness
Author Christina Sagioglou, Matthias Forstmann Published October 2, 2022 Abstract Lifetime psychedelic substance use has previously been...
Christina Sagioglou and Matthias Forstmann
Oct 2, 20221 min read

A comparative study of the harms of nitrous oxide and poppers using the MCDA approach
Author Plinio M Ferreira, Adam R Winstock, Anne Katrin Schlag, Brigitta Brandner, David Nutt, Graeme Henderson, Ian Miller, Jan Van...
Dr Anne Schlag, Professor David Nutt and more
Sep 23, 20222 min read

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the use of psilocybin by veterans with symptoms of trauma
Author FL Smith, JC Neill and V Wainwright Published September 7, 2022 Abstract Veterans are at increased risk of experiencing symptoms...
FL Smith, JC Neill and more
Sep 7, 20221 min read


How to read a paper on the short-term impairing effects of cannabis: A selective and critical review of the literature
Author Michael A White, Nicholas R Burns Published August 15, 2022 Abstract The prosecution of cannabis-presence driving offences (in the...
Michael White and Nicholas Burns
Aug 15, 20222 min read


Comparative harms assessments for cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco: Risk for psychosis, cognitive impairment, and traffic accident
Author Petter Grahl Johnstad Published July 25, 2022 Abstract Researchers have associated cannabis use with risk for psychosis, cognitive...
Petter Grahl Johnstad
Jul 25, 20222 min read


State naloxone co-prescribing laws show mixed effects on overdose mortality rates
Author MaryKate Duska, Jared M. Rhoads, Elizabeth C. Saunders, Tracy Onega Published July 25, 2022 Objective To examine the relative...
MaryKate Duska, Jared Rhoads and more
Jul 25, 20221 min read


Eating ourselves to death: How food is a drug and what food abuse costs
Author Matthew Robinson Published July 18, 2022 Abstract The objective of this paper is to examine definitions of the terms “drug,” “drug...
Matthew Robinson
Jul 18, 20221 min read

The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001: A case study in poor legislative drafting
Author Cathal T Gallagher Published July 11, 2022 Abstract The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 (MDRs) create exemptions to the offences...
Cathal Gallagher
Jul 11, 20221 min read


A critical review of drug testing policy in the Philippines
Authors Carissa Paz Dioquino Published May 16, 2022 Abstract The drug policy in the Philippines is written as the Comprehensive Dangerous...
Carissa Paz Dioquino
May 20, 20222 min read


Psychedelics as potential catalysts of scientific creativity and insight
Authors Sam Gandy, Valérie Bonnelle, Edward Jacobs, David Luke Published May 16, 2022 Abstract Creativity, that is the creation of ideas...
Sam Gandy, Valérie Bonnelle and more
May 18, 20222 min read


Farmability and pharmability: Transforming the drug market to a health-and human rights-centred approach from self-cultivation to safe supply of controlled substances
Authors Fabian Pitter Steinmetz, Maja Kohek Published May 3, 2022 Background The supply chains addressing the global demand for major...
Fabian Pitter Steinmetz and Maja Kohek
May 11, 20222 min read


Regulating the oxides of nitrogen – popping the myths
Authors Plinio M Ferreira, David Nutt Published April 25, 2022 In 2015 and 2016, during the debates that culminated in The Psychoactive...
Plinio Ferreira and Professor David Nutt
Apr 29, 20222 min read
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